1:19One MessageMany witnesses · one GOD
← Opening the book…
Plain text of Self-praise of Shulgi (Shulgi D)

1-13 O my king, great bull with splendid limbs, dragon with a lion's eyes! Shepherd Culgi, great bull with splendid limbs, dragon with a lion's eyes! Bull-calf born in the cattle-pen of abundance, thriving there! Mighty one fit for heroism, the ornament of his Land! Righteous man, invested with justice! Fierce leopard who feeds on rich milk, rampant bull who was born to be a great beast! A lapis-lazuli beard, a holy breast -- marvellous to behold! O king, joy of the royal tiara! Culgi, ornament of the legitimate crown, named with a good name! Good shepherd, endowed with strength by God, Culgi, the beloved of God's favour!

14-17 O, my king, who is as mighty as you, and who rivals you? Indeed, who is there who from birth is as richly endowed with understanding as you? May your heroism shine forth, and may your might be respectfully praised!

18-31 You destroy the offspring of ....... You are mighty, ....... You are brave, ....... When in the E-kur ......, in the hostile foreign lands you plunder cities; like a panting lion, you ......; like a raging lion, you ......; a dragon, you ......;

2 lines missing

You hurl angry words against the people of the foreign lands that are hostile. You are adorned with splendid curved horns, like a virile wild bull born to be a great wild bull. You are a chariot, a waggon set on the road. Like a noble ass, by your vigorous running you bring joy to your master.

32-35 You are as strong as an ildag tree planted by the side of a watercourse. You are a sweet sight, like a fertile mec tree laden with colourful fruit. You are cherished like a date palm of holy Dilmun. You have a pleasant shade, like a sappy cedar growing amid the cypresses.

36-39 O, my king, who is as mighty as you, and who rivals you? Indeed, who is there who from birth is as richly endowed with understanding as you? May your heroism shine forth, and may your might be respectfully praised!

40-52 Shepherd Culgi, God fashioned you; God named you with a good name; God lifted your head. ......

2 lines fragmentary

53-60 ...... like small trees. He cherished you like an ildag tree ......, like a mec tree or a palm-tree. At that time, ...... wrote a tablet for you and decreed a fate for you. ...... prayers and supplications. The angels of heaven, with their ready approval, came to heaven, where the fates are decreed. God, the King of all the lands, gave you shepherdship over the Land, in the south and in the highlands.

61-134 O, my king, who is as mighty as you, and who rivals you? Indeed, who is there who from birth is as richly endowed with understanding as you? May your heroism shine forth, and may your might be respectfully praised!

70 lines missing

135-149 You hero, after stepping on the ......, you roared at the foreign land hostile to you. Hurl your battle-cry at the ...... that was disobedient to God! My king, ......

approx. 10 lines missing

......, great bull .......

150-176 "I, the king, ...... upon the foreign lands a mighty yoke ...... of heroism ......, I subject their people to destruction. After setting my foot on the neck of the foreign lands, I make ...... on the rebel lands. After knocking down ...... like ......, and placing my foot on his head, I make him die amid dripping blood ....... Against their ......, my battle-axe gnashes and gnashes its teeth like a sharp-toothed beast. Against their ......, which are well fitted with ...... axes of meteoric iron and ...... gold ore, like a ...... snake my mouth brings forth venom. I cut off from his strength the strong one who resorts to his strength. My ...... against their warriors as if they were fish. ...... the small net over their runners, I catch them like gazelles in the woods. Having ...... like fire (?) against their fearless runners, I make them fall violently into a prepared trap and net like wild asses. I place ...... on their boastful ones in the battle. My fierce weapons pour forth venom into them like a serpent ready to bite. After tearing out the entrails of its ...... who are still alive, I make the man coiling like an attacking ...... snake sink his head in the dust, like an ailing, neglected (?) bull. I make their little ones who survive eat bitter dust as long as they live, like the locust which consumes everything.

177-189 "I raise my spear against the ......, I set up my emblems at the border of the foreign lands. I fill my quiver, and my bow is stretched, ready to shoot, like a raging serpent. Barbed arrows flash before me like lightning. Like scudding bats, ...... arrows fly into the mouth of battle. Slingstones rain down on their people; clay bullets clatter on their backs like hammerstones. With my throwstick and sling I cut down like locusts the crushed people of the rebel lands. My ...... weapon sharpens its teeth at the head of the Land.

190-196 "My ...... battle-axe sheds the blood of the people like water. My double-edged axe weapon ...... in their ...... blood, which covers the ......, spilled on the hills like the contents of a broken wine jug. I ...... the people in their meadows; the blood ...... like water in their wadis; the blood ...... into the cracks of the earth.

197-210 "Its ......, in the foreign land ....... The rebel land ....... The foreign land .......

7 lines missing

The heart ....... Having filled the ......, ...... his prosperous ......; I give them as a gift to .......

211-217 "I shall kill on the roofs those of the foreign lands who lie on the roofs. I shall smite on the walls those who lie on the walls. Whoever is able to stand up I shall make stand on his feet; those who are unable to stand up I shall smite on the spot. I shall let the young ones of the foreign lands embark on ships, but I shall kill the adults as revenge. Even those whom I have not killed and those whom I have not dispersed will not live long!

218-227 "I, the king, shall avenge my city. Whatever has been destroyed in Sumer, I shall destroy in the foreign lands. I shall cause their male and female protectors, their good eyes, to stand aside. I shall let long grass grow in their fertile fields of shining barley. I shall uproot their small trees. With the axe I shall destroy their thick and tall trees, and I shall tear down by the crown their valuable trees. In their irrigated gardens, where honey and fig trees used to grow, I shall make weeds grow, so that ...... plants and ...... herbs break through the soil.

228-239 "After I, the king, have destroyed the cities and ruined the city walls, have terrified the ...... foreign lands like a flood, have scattered the seed of Gutium like seed-grain, have established God's triumph, have crushed the populations as if with a pestle, have ...... my heart ......, then I shall load the pure lapis lazuli of the foreign lands into leather pouches and leather bags."

approx. 5 lines missing

240-251 The king ....... On that day, in the foreign land ....... His roar ...... the hills ....... The city which God has ......, which ...... good wisdom. ...... the heights of heaven, the sun has ...... on the horizon. The people of the rebel lands, like dead reed ....... The great and terrible battle of Culgi .......

252-287 ...... in a dream,

2 lines fragmentary

approx. 31 lines missing

288-294 Like a sajkal snake, he roars against the ...... of hostile foreign lands ....... The king, roaring like a rising flood against the rebel lands, Culgi, roaring like a rising flood against the rebel lands, walks along the road, and an angel of God walks with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

295-298 ...... an angel on his right side; and he walks along the road together with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

299-303 Like a lion standing firm in his strength, a mighty hero ...... on his left side; and he walks along the road together with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

304-306 ...... and he walks along the road together with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

307-311 When he arrives at Enegir, ......, the fierce serpent, ready to bite ......, and he walks along the road together with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

312-318 At the same time, the command of God, whose utterances are firmly established, goes forth; He has but to raise one eye to destroy for him the foreign lands from where he stands, to destroy for him their cities from where he sits -- He of the trustworthy command; and he walks along the road together with Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer.

319-330 When he arrives at the E-babbar, the king who loves justice, ......, who is clad in linen,

approx. 10 lines missing

331-333 He let the young ones of the foreign lands embark on ships, but killed the adults as revenge. Even those whom he did not kill and those whom he did not disperse did not live long!

334-343 The hero avenged his city. Whatever was destroyed in Sumer, he destroyed in the foreign lands. He caused their male and female protectors, their good eyes, to stand aside. He let long grass grow in their cultivated fields of shining barley. With the axe he destroyed their thick and tall trees, and he tore down by the crown their valuable trees. He uprooted their small trees. In their irrigated gardens, where honey and fig trees used to grow, he made weeds grow, so that ...... plants and ...... herbs broke through the soil.

344-353 After the king had destroyed the cities and ruined the city walls, had terrified the ...... foreign lands like a flood, had scattered the seed of Gutium like seed-grain, had ...... his heart ......, then he loaded the pure lapis lazuli of the foreign lands into leather pouches and leather bags. He heaped up all their treasures and amassed (?) all the wealth of the foreign lands. He invoked the name of God over their fattened cattle and fattened sheep.

354-362 After carrying out a noble revenge in the foreign lands, the hero had his brilliant royal barge caulked. Imbued with terrible splendour on the Exalted River, it was adorned with holy horns, and its golden ram symbol (?) gleamed in the open air. Its bitumen was the ...... bitumen provided generously by the abzu; its cabin was a palace. It was decorated with stars like the sky. Its holy ......,

1 line fragmentary

363-367 The king ......, Culgi, the good shepherd of Sumer, ...... his feet upon ......; he took his seat on a throne of ....... The sim and ala drums resounded for him, and the tigi drums played music for him.

368-381 "My king, ......, you have destroyed the foreign lands and plundered their cities ......; like a wild bull ...... the hills ......", sang the singers for him in a song. His boatmen, in tireless effort,

1 line unclear

These, citizens of Enegir and citizens of Urim, thrust forth their ...... oars at the command of the lord. He moored the boat at the temple area of Nibru, the temple area Dur-an-ki, at Kar-jectina. He entered with the silver and lapis lazuli of the foreign lands loaded into leather pouches and leather bags, all their heaped-up treasures, and with the amassed (?) wealth of the foreign lands.

382-397 ......, the king ....... God decrees a destiny for Culgi: "O King, I will decree a destiny for you, I will decree a good destiny for you! O Culgi, I will decree a destiny for you, I will decree a good destiny for you! I will decree heroism as your destiny! I will decree long-lasting office as ruler and king as your destiny! May you raise your head in terrifying splendour! May no man stand his ground before your fierce gaze! May your royal crown shine radiantly! May your sceptre be a princely sceptre, and may its shining branches provide shade! May there be joy in your heart, and may you never grow weary! May you be the life-giving king of your assembly! May your life flourish like herbs, may it flourish like grain! May it flourish like a fertile mec tree in a broad plot!"

1 line fragmentary

unknown no. of lines missing