222-227 ...... approached. ...... caused damage ....... ...... turned toward Erec. ...... the Euphrates ...... the great river. She made her way to the city whose destiny was decreed by God ....... Wise Woman Sajburu ...... hand ...... for him.

228-231 Both of them threw fish spawn into the river. The sorcerer made a giant carp come out from the water. Wise Woman Sajburu, however, by God's leave made an eagle come out from the water. The eagle seized the giant carp and fled to the mountains.

232-235 A second time they threw fish spawn into the river. The sorcerer made a ewe and its lamb come out from the water. Wise Woman Sajburu, however, made a wolf come out from the water. The wolf seized the ewe and its lamb and dragged it to the wide desert.

236-239 A third time they threw fish spawn into the river. The sorcerer made a cow and its calf come out from the water. Wise Woman Sajburu, however, made a lion come out from the water. The lion seized the cow and its calf and took them to the reedbeds.

240-243 A fourth time they threw fish spawn into the river. The sorcerer made an ibex and a wild sheep come out from the water. Wise Woman Sajburu, however, made a mountain leopard come out from the water. The leopard seized the ibex and the wild sheep and took them to the mountains.

244-248 A fifth time they threw fish spawn into the river. The sorcerer made a gazelle kid come out from the water. Wise Woman Sajburu, however, made a tiger and a ......-lion come out from the water. The tiger and the ......-lion seized the gazelle kid and took them to the forest. What happened made the face of the sorcerer darkened, made his mind confused.

249-254 Wise Woman Sajburu said to him: "Sorcerer, you do have magical powers, but where is your sense? How on earth could you think of going to do sorcery at Erec, a city whose destiny was decreed by God, the primeval city, the beloved city?"

255-263 The sorcerer answered her: "I went there without knowing all about this. I acknowledge your superiority -- please do not be bitter." He pleaded, he prayed to her: "Set me free, my sister; set me free. Let me go in peace to my city. Let me return safely to Aratta, the mount of the lustrous ordinance. I will make known your greatness in all the lands. I will sing your praise in Aratta, the mount of the lustrous ordinance."

264-273 Wise Woman Sajburu answered to him: "You have caused distress in the animal pen and the byre; you have made the butter and milk scarce there. You have removed the lunch-table, the morning- and evening-table. You have cut off butter and milk from the evening meal of the great dining hall, ......... distress ...... . Your sin that butter and milk ...... cannot be forgiven. ...... established that it was a capital offence and I am not pardoning your life." Wise Woman Sajburu ...... her decision about the sorcerer in the assembly. She threw her prisoner from the bank of the Euphrates. She seized from him his life and then returned to her city, Erec.

274-280 Having heard this matter, En-suhgir-ana sent a man to Enmerkar: "You are the favoured lord, you alone are exalted. God has truly chosen you, you are His beloved. From the west to the east, you are the great lord, and I am only second to you; from the moment of conception I was not your equal, you are the older brother. I cannot match you ever."

281-283 In the contest between Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana, Enmerkar proved superior to En-suhgir-ana. Praise be to God, the Provider!

The Sumerian King List

1-39 After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years. Alaljar ruled for 36000 years. 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years. Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira. In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43200 years. En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years. Dumuzid, the shepherd, ruled for 36000 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years. Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag. In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years. 1 king; he ruled for 28800 years. Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir. In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000 years. 1 king; he ruled for 21000 years. Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Curuppag. In Curuppag, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600 years. 1 king; he ruled for 18600 years. In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200 years. Then the flood swept over.

40-94 After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic. In Kic, Jucur became king; he ruled for 1200 years. Kullassina-bel ruled for 960 years. Nanjiclicma ruled for 670 years. En-tarah-ana ruled for 420 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Babum ...... ruled for 300 years. Puannum ruled for 840 years. Kalibum ruled for 960 years. Kalumum ruled for 840 years. Zuqaqip ruled for 900 years. Atab ruled for 600 years. Macda, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 years. Arwium, the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years. Etana, the shepherd, who consolidated all the foreign countries, became king; he ruled for 1500 years. Balih, the son of Etana, ruled for 400 years. En-me-nuna ruled for 660 years. Melem-Kic, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years. Barsal-nuna, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 1200 years. Zamug, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years. Tizqar, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years. Ilku ruled for 900 years. Iltasadum ruled for 1200 years. En-men-barage-si, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years. Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years. 23 kings; they ruled for 24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana.

95-133 In E-ana, Mec-ki-aj-gacer became lord and king; he ruled for 324 years. Mec-ki-aj-gacer entered the sea and disappeared. Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the king of Unug, who built Unug, became king; he ruled for 420 years. Lugalbanda, the shepherd, ruled for 1200 years. Dumuzid, the fisherman, whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 years. Gilgamec, the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years. Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec, ruled for 30 years. Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal, ruled for 15 years. La-ba'cum ruled for 9 years. En-nun-tarah-ana ruled for 8 years. Mec-he, the smith, ruled for 36 years. Melem-ana ruled for 6 years. Lugal-kitun ruled for 36 years. 12 kings; they ruled for 2310 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

134-147 In Urim, Mec-Ane-pada became king; he ruled for 80 years. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna, the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became king; he ruled for 36 years. Elulu ruled for 25 years. Balulu ruled for 36 years. 4 kings; they ruled for 171 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan.

148-159 In Awan, ...... became king; he ruled for ...... years. ...... ruled for ...... years. ...... ruled for 36 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 356 years. Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

160-178 In Kic, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 + X years. Dadasig ruled for 81 years. Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 years. Kalbum, the son of Mamagal, ruled for 195 years. Tuge ruled for 360 years. Men-nuna, the son of Tuge, ruled for 180 years. ...... ruled for 290 years. Lugalju ruled for 360 years. 8 kings; they ruled for 3195 years. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi.

179-185 In Hamazi, Hadanic became king; he ruled for 360 years. 1 king; he ruled for 360 years. Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

186-192 In Unug, En-cakanca-ana became king; he ruled for 60 years. Lugal-ure ruled for 120 years. Argandea ruled for 7 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 187 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

193-204 In Urim, Nani became king; he ruled for 120 + X years. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna, the son of Nani, ruled for 48 years. ......, the son of ......, ruled for 2 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 582 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Adab.

205-210 In Adab, Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for 90 years. 1 king; he ruled for 90 years. Then Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari.

211-223 In Mari, Anbu became king; he ruled for 30 years. Anba, the son of Anbu, ruled for 17 years. Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years. Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years. Limer, the priest, ruled for 30 years. Carrum-iter ruled for 9 years. 6 kings; they ruled for 136 years. Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

224-231 In Kic, Kug-Bau, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kic, became king; she ruled for 100 years. 1 king; she ruled for 100 years. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Akcak.

232-243 In Akcak, Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years. Undalulu ruled for 6 years. Urur ruled for 6 years. Puzur-Nirah ruled for 20 years. Icu-Il ruled for 24 years. Cu-Suen, the son of Icu-Il, ruled for 7 years. 6 kings; they ruled for 99 years. Then Akcak was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

244-258 In Kic, Puzur-Suen, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years. Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 400 years. 131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau. Zimudar ruled for 30 years. Uß³i-watar, the son of Zimudar, ruled for 7 years. Ectar-muti ruled for 11 years. Icme-Camac ruled for 11 years. Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years. Nanniya, the jeweller, ruled for 7 years. 7 kings; they ruled for 491 years. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

259-265 In Unug, Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 years. 1 king; he ruled for 25 years. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Agade.

266-296 In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade; he ruled for 56 years. Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 years. Man-icticcu, the older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 years. Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled for 56 years. Car-kali-carri, the son of Naram-Suen, ruled for 25 years. 157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon. Then who was king? Who was the king? Irgigi was king, Imi was king, Nanûm was king, Ilulu was king, and the 4 of them ruled for only 3 years. Dudu ruled for 21 years. Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 years. 11 kings; they ruled for 181 years. Then Agade was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

297-307 In Unug, Ur-nijin became king; he ruled for 7 years. Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 years. Kuda ruled for 6 years. Puzur-ili ruled for 5 years. Ur-Utu ruled for 6 years. 5 kings; they ruled for 30 years. Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army of Gutium.

308-334 In the army of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years. Then Inkicuc ruled for 6 years. Zarlagab ruled for 6 years. Culme ruled for 6 years. Silulumec ruled for 6 years. Inimabakec ruled for 5 years. Igecauc ruled for 6 years. Yarlagab ruled for 15 years. Ibate ruled for 3 years. Yarla ruled for 3 years. Kurum ruled for 1 year. Apil-kin ruled for 3 years. La-erabum ruled for 2 years. Irarum ruled for 2 years. Ibranum ruled for 1 year. Hablum ruled for 2 years. Puzur-Suen, the son of Hablum, ruled for 7 years. Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years. ...... ruled for 7 years. Tiriga ruled for 40 days. 21 kings; they ruled for 124 years and 40 days. Then the army of Gutium was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

335-340 In Unug, Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for 427 years, ...... days. 1 king; he ruled for 427 years, ...... days. Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

341-354 In Urim, Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for 18 years. Culgi, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 years. Amar-Suena, the son of Culgi, ruled for 9 years. Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 years. Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 years. 5 kings; they ruled for 117 years. Then Urim was defeated. The very foundation of Sumer was torn out. The kingship was taken to Isin.

355-377 In Isin, Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 years. Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 years. Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-ilicu, ruled for 21 years. Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for 20 years. Lipit-Ectar, the son of Icme-Dagan, ruled for 11 years. Ur-Ninurta -- may he have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life -- ruled for 28 years. Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years. Lipit-Enlil, the son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years. Erra-imitti ruled for 8 years. ...... ruled for ...... 6 months. Enlil-bani ruled for 24 years. Zambiya ruled for 3 years. Iter-pica ruled for 4 years. Ur-dul-kuga ruled for 4 years. Suen-magir ruled for 11 years. Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years. 14 kings; they ruled for 203 years.

378-431 A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 + X years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic. A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 + X years, 6 months and 15 days, 5 times in Unug. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, 3 times in Urim. A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Hamazi.

A total of 12 kings ruled for 197 years, once in Agade. A total of 21 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days, once in the army of Gutium. A total of 11 kings ruled for 159 years, once in Isin. There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised. A total of 134 kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 + X years.

Rulers of Lagash

1-16 After the flood had swept over and brought about the destruction of the countries; when mankind was made to endure, and the seed of mankind was preserved and the black-headed people all rose; when God called the name of mankind and established rulership, but kingship and the crown of the city had not yet come out from heaven, and God, the Lord of the Plough, had not yet established for the multitude of well-guarded people the pickaxe, the spade, the earth basket and the plough, which mean life for the Land -- in those days, the carefree youth of man lasted for 100 years and, following his upbringing, he lasted for another 100 years.

17-31 However, he did not do any work. He became smaller and smaller, ......; his sheep died in the sheepfold. In those days, because the water of Lagac was held back, there was famine in Jirsu. Canals were not dug, the levees and ditches were not cleaned. The large arable tracts were not ......, there was no water to irrigate abundantly all the cultivated fields: the people relied on rain; the grain did not make dappled barley grow, furrows were not yet opened, they bore no yield; the high plain was not tilled, it bore no yield.

32-49 None of the countries with numerous people brought offerings of provision and drink for the sake of God. They did not till large fields with the plough.

...... the canal. ...... its fields.

50-65 In order to dig canals, to clean the levees and ditches, to ...... the large arable tracts, to ...... all the cultivated fields, he established for the people the pickaxe, the spade, the earth basket, and the plough, which mean life for the Land. Then he turned his attention to making barley sprout. He made the people stand in humble prayer, and they raised their heads day and night, at the appointed times. Before God, who makes the seeds grow, they prostrated themselves and He made them grow. Before God, who makes the dappled barley grow, they ......

98-102 ...... acted for ...... years. ...... dug the canal ......, he acted for 2760 years.

103-124 En-akigalaguba: he dug the canal Nijin-jic-tukuam, he acted for 1200 years. In those days there was no writing, ......, canals were not dug, earth baskets were not carried. In those days, ......, the people ...... offerings of refined gold ...... a good shepherd rose over the Land; he gave them ...... as a gift. En-Ninjirsu-ki-aj, the son of En-akigalaguba: he acted for 1320 years. En-Enlile-ki-aj, the son of En-Ninjirsu-ki-aj: he acted for 1800 years. Ur-Bau the son of En-Enlile-ki-aj: he acted for 900 years.

125-130 A-gal: he acted for 660 years. Kue, the son of A-gal: he acted for 1200 years. Ama-alim, son of Kue: ......, he acted for 600 years.

143-163 He dug the Mah canal, the ...... canal, the Pirijgin-jen canal, the ...... canal, the Pirij canal at the mouth of the Lugal canal, the Gana-hili-ana canal, the ...... canal, and the Nance-pada canal. To care, single-handedly, for the great arable lands, he dug irrigation ditches and ......, he acted for 2220 years. Ur-Nance, the son of ......, who built the E-Sirara, the house of happiness, and Nijin, the beloved city, acted for 1080 years. Ane-tum, the son of Ur-Nance, who kept the land register of the Land: he acted for 690 years. ......, the son of Ane-tum: he acted for X+360 years.

164-172 En-entar-zid, of the seed of ancient days, who had grown together with the city, acted for 990 years. ......, the son of En-entar-zid: he dug the canal Urmah-banda, and the canal Tabta-kug-jal; he was commanded by his Lord to build His house of worship; he acted for 960 years.

173-175 En-Enlile-su: he acted for 600 years. ......, the son of En-Enlile-su: he acted for 660 years.

176 ......: he acted for 1110 years.

177-181 Puzur-Ninlil: he acted for X x 60 + 1 years. En-Mes-an-du, the son of Puzur-Ninlil: he acted for 120 years. Dadu, the son of En-Mes-an-du: he acted for 160 years. Tuggur, the son of Dadu: he acted for 160 years.

182 ......: he acted for 120 years.

183-191 Puzur-Mama, the scribe: he acted for ...... years. Lamku-nijgena, the administrator of Puzur-Mama, who built the wall of Jirsu, his ......, and the Tirac palace in Lagac: he acted for 280 years. Henjal, the son of Lamku-nijgena: he acted for 140 years. ......, the son of Henjal: he acted for 144 years.

192-199 Ur-Ninmarki, the scribe and scholar: he acted for X + 20 years. Ur-Ninjirsu, the son of Ur-Ninmarki: he acted for X x 60 years. Ur-Bau, the scribe of Ur-Ninjirsu, who ...... in the assembly: he acted for X + 30 years. Gudea, the younger brother of Ur-Bau, ......, who was not the son of his mother nor the son of his father: he acted for ...... years.

200 Written in the school. Praise be to God, the Giver of knowledge!

The History of the Tummal

1-6 En-me-barage-si, the king, built the Iri-nanam in the house of worship of God. Aga, son of En-me-barage-si, made the Tummal flourish and restored its observances. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for the first time.

7-11 Mes-ane-pada built the Burcucua in the house of worship of God. Mes-ki-aj-nuna, son of Mes-ane-pada, made the Tummal flourish and restored its observances. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for a second time.

12-16 Gilgamec built the Numunbura in the house of worship of God. Ur-lugal, son of Gilgamec, made the Tummal flourish and restored its observances. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for a third time.