sn47.28:1 The same setting. “Reverend Anuruddha, what things have you developed and cultivated to attain great direct knowledge?” “Reverend, I attained great direct knowledge by developing and cultivating the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

sn47.28:2 What four? It’s when I meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. I meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. I attained great direct knowledge by developing and cultivating these four kinds of mindfulness meditation. And it’s because of developing and cultivating these four kinds of mindfulness meditation that I directly know the thousandfold galaxy.”

3. Ethics and Duration

With Sirivaḍḍha

sn47.29:1 At one time Venerable Ānanda was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time the householder Sirivaḍḍha was sick, suffering, gravely ill. Then he addressed a man: “Please, my man, go to Venerable Ānanda, and in my name bow with your head to his feet. Say to him: ‘Sir, the householder Sirivaḍḍha is sick, suffering, gravely ill. He bows with his head to your feet.’ And then say: ‘Sir, please visit him at his home out of sympathy.’” “Yes, sir,” that man replied. He did as Sirivaḍḍha asked. Ānanda consented with silence.

sn47.29:2 Then Venerable Ānanda robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of the householder Sirivaḍḍha, sat down on the seat spread out, and said to him: “I hope you’re keeping well, householder, I hope you’re all right. I hope your pain is fading, not growing; that its fading is evident, not its growing.” “Sir, I’m not keeping well, I’m not getting by. My pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading.”

sn47.29:3 “So you should train like this: ‘I’ll meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. I’ll meditate on an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.’ That’s how you should train.”

sn47.29:4 “These four kinds of mindfulness meditation that were taught by the Buddha are found in me, and I exhibit them. For I meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. I meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. And of the five lower fetters taught by the Buddha, I don’t see any that I haven’t given up.” “You’re fortunate, householder, so very fortunate! You have declared the fruit of non-return.”

3. Ethics and Duration

With Mānadinna

sn47.30:1 The same setting. Now at that time the householder Mānadinna was sick, suffering, gravely ill. Then he addressed a man: “Please, my man, go to Venerable Ānanda …” … “Sir, I’m not keeping well, I’m not getting by. My pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading. When I experience such painful feelings I meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. I meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. And of the five lower fetters taught by the Buddha, I don’t see any that I haven’t given up.” “You’re fortunate, householder, so very fortunate! You have declared the fruit of non-return.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Not Learned From Anyone Else

sn47.31:1 At Sāvatthī. “‘This is the observation of an aspect of the body.’ Such, mendicants, was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in me regarding teachings not learned before from another. ‘This observation of an aspect of the body should be developed.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of the body has been developed.’ Such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in me regarding teachings not learned before from another.

sn47.31:2 ‘This is the observation of an aspect of feelings.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of feelings should be developed.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of feelings has been developed.’ …

sn47.31:3 ‘This is the observation of an aspect of the mind.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of the mind should be developed.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of the mind has been developed.’ …

sn47.31:4 ‘This is the observation of an aspect of principles.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of principles should be developed.’ … ‘This observation of an aspect of principles has been developed.’ Such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in me regarding teachings not learned before from another.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Fading Away

sn47.32:1 “Mendicants, these four kinds of mindfulness meditation, when developed and cultivated, lead solely to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment.

sn47.32:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. These four kinds of mindfulness meditation, when developed and cultivated, lead solely to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Missed Out

sn47.33:1 “Mendicants, whoever has missed out on the four kinds of mindfulness meditation has missed out on the noble path to the complete ending of suffering. Whoever has undertaken the four kinds of mindfulness meditation has undertaken the noble path to the complete ending of suffering.

sn47.33:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Whoever has missed out on these four kinds of mindfulness meditation has missed out on the noble path to the complete ending of suffering. Whoever has undertaken these four kinds of mindfulness meditation has undertaken the noble path to the complete ending of suffering.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Developed

sn47.34:1 “Mendicants, when these four kinds of mindfulness meditation are developed and cultivated they lead to going from the near shore to the far shore.

sn47.34:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. When these four kinds of mindfulness meditation are developed and cultivated they lead to going from the near shore to the far shore.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Mindful

sn47.35:1 At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, a mendicant should live mindful and aware. This is my instruction to you.

sn47.35:2 And how is a mendicant mindful? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That’s how a mendicant is mindful.

sn47.35:3 And how is a mendicant aware? It’s when a mendicant knows feelings as they arise, as they remain, and as they go away. They know thoughts as they arise, as they remain, and as they go away. They know perceptions as they arise, as they remain, and as they go away. That’s how a mendicant is aware. A mendicant should live mindful and aware. This is my instruction to you.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Enlightenment

sn47.36:1 “Mendicants, there are these four kinds of mindfulness meditation. What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. These are the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Because of developing and cultivating these four kinds of mindfulness meditation, one of two results can be expected: enlightenment in this very life, or if there’s residue left behind, non-return.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Desire

sn47.37:1 “Mendicants, there are these four kinds of mindfulness meditation. What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they give up desire for the body. When desire is given up they realize freedom from death.

sn47.37:2 They meditate observing an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they give up desire for feelings. When desire is given up they realize freedom from death.

sn47.37:3 They meditate observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they give up desire for the mind. When desire is given up they realize freedom from death.

sn47.37:4 They meditate observing an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they give up desire for principles. When desire is given up they realize freedom from death.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Complete Understanding

sn47.38:1 “Mendicants, there are these four kinds of mindfulness meditation. What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they completely understand the body. When the body is completely understood they realize freedom from death.

sn47.38:2 They meditate observing an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they completely understand feelings. When feelings are completely understood they realize freedom from death.

sn47.38:3 They meditate observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they completely understand the mind. When the mind is completely understood they realize freedom from death.

sn47.38:4 They meditate observing an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. As they do so they completely understand principles. When principles are completely understood they realize freedom from death.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Development

sn47.39:1 “Mendicants, I will teach you the development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Listen … And what is the development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. This is the development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.”

4. Not Learned From Anyone Else

Analysis

sn47.40:1 “Mendicants, I will teach you mindfulness meditation, the development of mindfulness meditation, and the practice that leads to the development of mindfulness meditation. Listen … And what is mindfulness meditation? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. This is called mindfulness meditation.

sn47.40:2 And what is the development of mindfulness meditation? It’s when a mendicant, with respect to the body, meditates observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. With respect to feelings … mind … principles, they meditate observing the liability to originate, to vanish, and to originate and vanish—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. This is called the development of mindfulness meditation.

sn47.40:3 And what is the practice that leads to the development of mindfulness meditation? It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion. This is called the practice that leads to the development of mindfulness meditation.”

5. Freedom From Death

Freedom From Death

sn47.41:1 At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, you should meditate with your mind firmly established in the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Don’t let freedom from death be lost on you. What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. You should meditate with your mind firmly established in the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Don’t let freedom from death be lost on you.”

5. Freedom From Death

Origin

sn47.42:1 “Mendicants, I will teach you the origin and disappearance of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Listen … What is the origin of the body? The body originates from fuel. When fuel ceases, the body disappears. Feelings originate from contact. When contact ceases, feelings disappear. The mind originates from name and form. When name and form cease, the mind disappears. Principles originate from application of mind. When application of mind disappears, principles disappear.”

5. Freedom From Death

The Path

sn47.43:1 At Sāvatthī. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants: “Mendicants, this one time, when I was first awakened, I was staying in Uruvelā at the goatherd’s banyan tree on the bank of the Nerañjarā River. As I was in private retreat this thought came to mind: ‘The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize extinguishment.

sn47.43:2 What four? A mendicant would meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Or they’d meditate observing an aspect of feelings … or mind … or principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize extinguishment.’

sn47.43:3 And then the angel Sahampati, by God’s leave knowing my train of thought, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the realm of the angels and appeared in front of me. He arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his joined palms toward me, and said: ‘That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One! Sir, the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize extinguishment.

sn47.43:4 What four? A mendicant would meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Or they’d meditate observing an aspect of feelings … or mind … or principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize extinguishment.’

sn47.43:5 That is what the angel Sahampati said. Then he went on to say:

sn47.43:6 ‘The compassionate one, <j>who sees the ending of sorrow, understands the path to convergence. By this path people crossed over before, will cross over, and are crossing over.’”

5. Freedom From Death

Mindful

sn47.44:1 “Mendicants, a mendicant should live mindfully. This is my instruction to you. And how is a mendicant mindful? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That’s how a mendicant is mindful. A mendicant should live mindfully. This is my instruction to you.”

5. Freedom From Death

A Heap of the Skillful

sn47.45:1 “Rightly speaking, mendicants, you’d call these four kinds of mindfulness meditation a ‘heap of the skillful’. For these four kinds of mindfulness meditation are entirely a heap of the skillful.

sn47.45:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Rightly speaking, you’d call these four kinds of mindfulness meditation a ‘heap of the skillful’. For these four kinds of mindfulness meditation are entirely a heap of the skillful.”

5. Freedom From Death

Restraint in the Monastic Code

sn47.46:1 Then a mendicant went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

sn47.46:2 “Sir, may the Buddha please teach me Dhamma in brief. When I’ve heard it, I’ll live alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute.” “Well then, mendicant, you should purify the starting point of skillful qualities. What is the starting point of skillful qualities? Live restrained in the monastic code, conducting yourself well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, keep the rules you’ve undertaken. When you’ve done this, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, depending on and grounded on ethics.

sn47.46:3 What four? Meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. When you develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way, depending on and grounded on ethics, you can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” And then that mendicant approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving.

sn47.46:4 Then that mendicant, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness. He understood: “Attachment to this world is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is nothing further for this place.” And that mendicant became one of the perfected.

5. Freedom From Death

Bad Conduct

sn47.47:1 Then a mendicant went up to the Buddha … and said: “Sir, may the Buddha please teach me Dhamma in brief. When I’ve heard it, I’ll live alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute.” “Well then, mendicant, you should purify the starting point of skillful qualities. What is the beginning of skillful qualities? Give up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind and develop good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. When you’ve done this, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, depending on and grounded on ethics.

sn47.47:2 What four? Meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. When you develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way, depending on and grounded on ethics, you can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” … And that mendicant became one of the perfected.

5. Freedom From Death

Friends

sn47.48:1 “Mendicants, those for whom you have sympathy, and those worth listening to—friends and colleagues, relatives and family—should be encouraged, supported, and established by you in the development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

sn47.48:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Those for whom you have sympathy, and those worth listening to—friends and colleagues, relatives and family—should be encouraged, supported, and established by you in the development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.”

5. Freedom From Death

Feelings

sn47.49:1 “Mendicants, there are these three feelings. What three? Pleasant, painful, and neutral feeling. These are the three feelings. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed to completely understand these three feelings.

sn47.49:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. These four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed to completely understand these three feelings.”

5. Freedom From Death

Defilements

sn47.50:1 “Mendicants, there are these three defilements. What three? The defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. These are the three defilements. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed to give up these three defilements.

sn47.50:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. These four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed to give up these three defilements.”

6. Abbreviated Texts on the Ganges

Twelve Discourses on the Ganges River, Etc.

sn47.51-62:1 “Mendicants, the Ganges River slants, slopes, and inclines to the east. In the same way, a mendicant who develops and cultivates the four kinds of mindfulness meditation slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment.

sn47.51-62:2 And how does a mendicant who develops the four kinds of mindfulness meditation slant, slope, and incline to extinguishment? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That’s how a mendicant who develops and cultivates the four kinds of mindfulness meditation slants, slopes, and inclines to extinguishment.”

sn47.51-62:3 Six on slanting to the east, and six on slanting to the ocean; these two sixes make twelve, and that’s how this chapter is recited.

7. Diligence

The Realized One

sn47.63-72:1 “Mendicants, the Realized One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha, is said to be the best of all sentient beings—be they footless, with two feet, four feet, or many feet …” (Tell in full as in SN 45.139–148.)

sn47.63-72:2 The Realized One, footprint, roof peak, roots, heartwood, jasmine, monarch, sun and moon, and cloth is the tenth.

8. Hard Work

Hard Work, Etc.

sn47.73-84:1 “Mendicants, all the hard work that gets done depends on the earth and is grounded on the earth. …” (Tell in full as in SN 45.149–160.)

sn47.73-84:2 Hard work, seeds, and dragons, a tree, a pot, and a spike, the atmosphere, and two on clouds, a ship, a guest house, and a river.

9. Searches

Searches, Etc.

sn47.85-94:1 “Mendicants, there are these three searches. What three? The search for sensual pleasures, the search for continued existence, and the search for a spiritual path. …” (Tell in full as in SN 45.161–170.)

sn47.85-94:2 Searches, discriminations, defilements, states of existence, three kinds of suffering, barrenness, stains, and troubles, feelings, craving, and thirst.

10. Floods

Higher Fetters, Etc.

sn47.95-104:1 “Mendicants, there are five higher fetters. What five? Attachment to form, attachment to the formless, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance. These are the five higher fetters. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed for the direct knowledge, complete understanding, finishing, and giving up of these five higher fetters.

sn47.95-104:2 What four? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. These four kinds of mindfulness meditation should be developed for the direct knowledge, complete understanding, finishing, and giving up of these five higher fetters.”

sn47.95-104:3 (The Linked Discourses on Mindfulness Meditation should be told in full as in the Linked Discourses on the Path. These ten discourses correspond to SN 45.171–179, with the above as the final discourse.)

sn47.95-104:4 Floods, yokes, grasping, ties, and underlying tendencies, kinds of sensual stimulation, hindrances, aggregates, and fetters high and low. The Linked Discourses on Mindfulness Meditation, the third section.