I shall declare the correct behaviour which causes freedom from all misery; by practising it the Nirgranthas have crossed the ocean of worldly existence. (1)

The correct behaviour of monks consists of the following ten parts: 1. avasyika; 2. naishedhiki; 3. apricchana; 4. pratiprichchhana; 5. chhandana; 6. ichchhakara; 7. mithyakara; 8. tathakara; 9. abhyutthana; 10. upasampad. (2-4)

The avasyika is required when he leaves a room or the presence of other monks on some necessary business; the naishedhiki, on entering a place; apricchana, or asking the superior's permission, for what he is to do himself; pratiprichchhana, for what somebody else is to do; chhandana, or placing at the disposal of other monks the things one has got; ichchhakara, in the execution of one's intention by oneself or somebody else; mithyakara, in the blaming oneself for sins committed; tathakara, assent in making a promise; abhyutthana, in serving those who deserve respect; and upasampad, in placing oneself under another teacher. Thus the twice fivefold behaviour has been declared. (5-7)

After sunrise during the first quarter of the first watch he should inspect and clean his things and greet the superior. (8)

Then, with his hands joined, he should ask him: 'What shall I do now? I want to be employed, sir, in doing some work or in studying.' (9)

If he is ordered to do some work, he should do it without tiring; if he is ordered to study, he should do it without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (10)

A clever monk should divide the day into four equal parts, and fulfil his duties in all four parts. (11)

In the first watch he should study, in the second he should meditate, in the third he should go on his begging-tour, and in the fourth he should study again. (12)

In the month Ashadha the watch of the night contains two feet; in the month Pausha, four; in the months Chaitra and Ashvina, three. (13)

The watch increases or decreases a digit every week, two digits every fortnight, four digits every month. (14)

The dark fortnights of Ashadha, Bhadrapada, Karttika, Pausha, Phalguna, and Vaisakha are known as the short nights. (15)

In the quarter of the year comprising the three months Jyeshthamula, Ashadha, and Sravana, the morning inspection is to last six digits beyond a quarter of the watch; in the second quarter, eight; in the third, ten; in the fourth, eight. (16)

A clever monk should divide the night too into four parts, and fulfil his duties in all four parts. (17)

In the first watch he should study, in the second he should meditate, in the third he should leave off sleep, and in the fourth he should study again. (18)

When the constellation which leads the night has reached the first quarter of the heaven, at dawn he should cease to study. (19)

When a small part of the quarter is left, in which the leading constellation stands, during that space of time, being considered intermediate between two days, a monk should keep watch. (20)

In the first quarter of the first watch he should inspect and clean his things, greet his superior, and then begin to study, not allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (21)

In the last quarter of the first watch, after greeting the superior, a monk should inspect his almsbowl, without, however, performing the expiation of sins concerning time. (22)

He should first inspect his mouth-cloth, then his broom, and taking the broom in his hand he should inspect his cloth. (23)

Standing upright he holds his cloth firmly and inspects it first leisurely, then he spreads it, and at last he wipes it. (24)

He should spread the cloth without shaking or crushing it, in such a way as to make the folds disappear, and to avoid friction of its parts against each other; he should fold it up six times in length, and nine times in breadth, and then he should remove living beings with his hand, spreading the cloth on the palm of his hand. (25)

He must avoid want of attention: 1. in beginning his work; 2. in taking up the corners of the cloth; 3. in folding it up; 4. in shaking out the dust; 5. in putting it down on some other piece of cloth; 6. in sitting upon the haunches. (26)

One must further avoid to hold the cloth loosely, or at one corner, or so as to let it flap, or so as to subject it to friction, or so as to shake it in different ways, or if one has made a mistake in the number of foldings to count aloud or with the help of the fingers. (27)

There should be neither too little nor too much of inspection, nor an exchange of the things to be inspected; this is the right way to do the inspection, all other methods are wrong: (28)

This is so if one engaged in inspecting his things converses or gossips with anybody, renounces something, teaches another his lesson, or receives his own lesson from another; he neglects his inspection. (29)

He who is careful in the inspection, protects the six kinds of living beings, namely the earth-bodies, water-bodies, fire-bodies, wind-bodies, plants, and animals. (30)

He who is careless in the inspection, injures the six kinds of living beings just enumerated. (31)

In the third watch he should beg food and drink; he may do so for any of the following six reasons: (32)

1 To prevent an illness; 2. to serve the superior; 3. to be able to comply with the rules about walking; 4. to be able to comply with the rules of self-control; 5. to save one's life; 6. to be able to meditate on the Law. (33)

A zealous Nirgrantha or Nirgranthi may omit to beg food for the following reasons, when it will not be considered a transgression of his duties: (34)

1 In case of illness; 2. in case of a disaster; 3. to preserve one's chastity and the restraints; 4. out of compassion for living beings; 5. in the interest of penance. (35)

Taking his whole outfit a monk should inspect it with his eye; he then may walk about, but not beyond half a yojana. (36)

In the fourth watch he should put away his almsbowl after having eaten his meal, and then begins his study which reveals all existent things. (37)

In the last quarter of the fourth watch he should greet the superior, and after having performed the expiation concerning time, he should inspect his lodging. (38)

A zealous monk should also inspect the place where to discharge his excrements and urine, and then, till the sun sets, he should go through the standing posture of devotion without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (39)

Then he should, in due order, reflect on all transgressions he has committed during the day, with regard to knowledge, faith, and conduct. (40)

Having finished the posture, and greeted the superior, he should, in due order, confess his transgressions committed during the day. (41)

Then having recited the text of repentance, and having cleansed himself of his sins, he should greet the superior, asking absolution, and go through the standing posture of devotion without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (42)

Having finished the posture, and greeted the superior, he should pronounce the customary three praises of God, and then wait for the proper time. (43)

In the first watch of the night he should study; in the second he should meditate; in the third he should leave off sleep; and in the fourth he should study again. (44)

In the fourth watch he should wait for the proper time and then begin to study without waking the householders. (45)

In the last quarter of the fourth watch he should greet the superior, and performing the expiation concerning time he should wait for the proper time. (46)

When the time for the posture of devotion has arrived, he should go through it, without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (47)

Then he should, in due order, reflect on all transgressions he has committed during the night with regard to knowledge, faith, and conduct. (48)

Having finished the posture and greeted the superior, he should, in due order, confess his transgressions committed during the night. (49)

Then having recited the text of repentance and the rest, as in verse 41. (50)

He should consider what kind of austerities he will undertake. Having finished his posture of devotion, he greets the superior. (51)

Having finished the posture and greeted the superior, he should practise those austerities which he has decided upon, and praise God. (52)

Thus has been summarily declared the correct behaviour, by practising which many souls have crossed the ocean of worldly existence. (53)

Thus I say.